It's always been my understanding that assult is unwanted contact, whereas battery is infliction of injury.
Nope. Battery is any unwanted touching. It can be as simple as putting a hand on someone's shoulder, or an unwanted hug, or poking someone in the chest. As soon as you touch someone, it's battery.
Assault is the perceived threat of imminent battery. If you raise your hand as if you're going to hit someone, and the person believes you're going to do it, that's assault. If you actually hit him, it's battery as well. If you don't hit him, but he thought you were going to, that's just assault.
Just as you can have assault without battery, you can also have battery without assault. In order for assault to exist, the victim has to experience the threat of battery and believe it's about to happen. If I come up behind you and punch you in the back of the head, such that you never see me coming, that is battery but
not assault. It can't be assault because you never experienced the threat of imminent battery, only the battery itself. A threat of violence at some other time is not assault. For example, if I tell you I'm going to punch you in the head next week, that may fall into some other category of crime, but it is not an assault because the threat is not imminent.
States may have various degrees of the crime on their books for classification purposes, such as first degree, second degree, etc. But the basic definitions of assault and battery do not change.
So what happened here? It was an assault and battery. The assault happened when the photographer reached out and made Madoff believe he was about to be battered. The battery happened when physical contact was made.
Note also that confusion arises because assault and battery are both crimes (criminal) and torts (civil). The photographer could probably be arrested for the crimes of assault and battery in this case. Madoff could also sue the photographer for the civil torts of assault and battery. The difference is that in the civil case, Madoff would have to show that he suffered some kind of injury (in the legal rather than physical sense) to collect anything. If he sued and a jury found in his favor, but he couldn't show how it actually harmed him, they wouldn't award him any money. I think this is probably where ewink's confusion originates. It's often difficult to collect a civil judgment in the case of assault, because it's hard to convince a jury that a mere threat caused you any lasting harm.